GALVANIC SLUDGE

GALVANIC SLUDGE

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https://www.novogradnje.com/Novice/Ptujska_opekarna_pocasi_ugasa_/Ptujska opekarna počasi ugaša [3473]

Darja Lukman Žunec
30. apr 2007
Novice

Zaposlitev naj bi izgubilo približno 50 ljudi.

Na nedavni seji ptujskega mestnega sveta je bilo slišati informacijo, da je podjetje Gorenje kot lastnik Opekarne Opte napovedalo skorajšnje zaprtje opekarske proizvodnje v Žabjaku pri Ptuju. V njej je tačas še 50 zaposlenih, pred leti jih je bilo tudi čez 100. Opekarna poleg razvpitega "zapekanja" galvanskih muljev v opeko, ki je potekalo v zadnjih dveh desetletji, že več kot 50 let izdeluje najrazličnejše opekarske proizvode, ki so izdelani iz, po oceni strokovnjakov, odlične gline iz glinokopa Janežovci. So pa se ukvarjali tudi z izdelavo nakita in nekaterih okrasnih predmetov iz gline. Gorenje je s svojo namero o zaprtju opekarne uradno že seznanilo mestno občino predvsem zato, da bi poiskali skupne rešitve za izrabo njenih zemljišč in objektov. V mestni občini so ocenili, da bi bila najprimernejša rešitev za to območje stanovanjska gradnja.

Naj spomnimo, da je bila opekarna dolga leta samostojno podjetje, nato pa jo je v začetku devetdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja prevzel Petrol, ki je v njej izvajal zapekanje galvanskih muljev v opeko kot enega najboljših načinov za predelavo te odpadne snovi, ki je v Sloveniji povzročala precej ekoloških preglavic. Klub nasprotovanju domačinov in ekologov so zapekanje začeli, okoličani pa so na ptujski mestni svet venomer pošiljali proteste, češ da je proizvodnja v opekarni zaradi fluoridov in težkih kovin škodljiva za okolico, saj naj bi se "iz njenega dimnika pogosto čudno kadilo". Vendar so strokovnjaki Zavoda za zdravstveno varstvo iz Maribora imeli stalni nadzor nad emisijami in iz njihovih poročil je bilo razvidno, da opekarna v okolico ne spušča ničesar nedovoljenega oziroma nad dopustnimi mejami. Nasprotovanje domačinov proizvodnji ptujske opekarne bo torej kmalu postalo odveč, saj naj bi opekarno začeli postopno zapirati še v letošnjem letu.

Za podrobnejša pojasnila o vzrokih za zapiranje ptujske opekarne smo se pred dnevi obrnili na vodstvo Gorenja, a njihova pojasnila še pričakujemo.

Vir: www.vecer.si
https://www.novogradnje.com/Novice/Ptujska_opekarna_pocasi_ugasa_/ [3475]

Translation:

The Ptuj bakery is slowly shutting down
Darja Lukman Žunec
Apr 30, 2007

About 50 people are expected to lose their jobs.

At a recent meeting of the Ptuj city council, information was heard that the company Gorenje, as the owner of Opekarna Opta, announced the imminent closure of brick production in Žabjak near Ptuj. At the moment, there are still 50 employees, while a few years ago there were over 100. The brick factory, in addition to the notorious "baking" of galvanic sludge into bricks, which took place in the last two decades, has been producing a wide variety of brick products for more than 50 years, which are made from, according to experts, excellent clay from the Janežovci clay mine. But they were also engaged in the production of jewelry and some decorative objects from clay. Gorenje has already officially informed the municipality of its intention to close the brickyard, primarily in order to find joint solutions for the use of its land and facilities. The municipality estimated that the most suitable solution for this area would be residential construction.

Let us remind you that the brickyard was an independent company for many years, and then at the beginning of the 1990s it was taken over by Petrol, which baked galvanic sludge into bricks as one of the best ways to process this waste material, which in Slovenia caused quite a few ecological headaches. The club started baking in the face of opposition from local residents and ecologists, and the locals sent protests to the Ptuj city council, saying that the production in the brick factory was harmful to the environment due to fluorides and heavy metals, as "strange smoke often came out of its chimney". However, the experts of the Institute for Health Care from Maribor had constant control over the emissions, and their reports showed that the brick factory was not releasing anything illegal or above permissible limits into the surrounding area. The locals' opposition to the production of the Ptuj brick factory will soon become redundant, as the brick factory is expected to gradually close this year.

A few days ago, we contacted the management of Gorenje for more detailed explanations about the reasons for the closure of the Ptuj bakery, but we are still waiting for their explanations.

Source: www.vecer.si
Notes:
In the original "klub" should have read "kljub" so it was "Despite opposition from the locals" that their sludgification began, not the result of some misguided night out at a local establishment...although it probably was. The "safe limits" were probably great value for money.

A 2011 Uradni List shows the maximum limit in air as HF of 3mg/m3 - a huge amount and clearly a misprint for micrograms/m3.
https://www.uradni-list.si/_pdf/2011/Ur/u2011093.pdf [3473]

With a normal respiration volume of ~11000 litres per day 3 milligrams/m3 would amount to a daily intake of 33 grams - about seven lethal doses for an adult as F-. 3 micrograms (µg/m3) would be 1000 times less. HF has a molecular weight of 20.01. To convert mg/m3 to ppm:

concentration (ppm) = 24.45 x concentration (mg/m3) ÷ molecular weight

24.45 x 3 ÷20.01 = 3.67 ppm

The number 24.45 in the equation is the volume (litres) of a mole (gram molecular weight) of a gas when the temperature is at 25°C and the pressure is at 1 atmosphere (1 atm = 1.01325 bar).

A roundup of air quality objectives based on a 30 day average in Table 6 of [3474] shows a range of 0.34 µg/m3 (Ontario, during growing season) to 1.2 µg/m3 (Tennessee), and based on a 12 hour average up to 3.7 µg/m3 in various jurisdictions.
https://voute.bape.gouv.qc.ca/dl/?id=00000404729 [3474]

Emissions of fluoride and its accumulation in vegetation are certainly not an unknown problem in the area. Referring to an even larger local source, the former aluminium plant at Kidričevo, another ZRC-SAZU report says

"In addition to SO2 and smoke, air pollution from fluorides. One tonne of product at TGA Kidričevo produces 20 kg of fluoride emissions [therefore] 900 tonnes per year."

and

"Analyses of airborne fluoride data show that these concentrations increase with distance from TGA Kidričevo decrease rapidly, but the question of indirect negative impacts of fluorides on humans (via water and food) and the impact of synergistic effects of SO2 and HF, as it is known from the literature that their synergistic effect significantly increases toxicity of emissions."

and

"Already before the latest ecological disaster with contaminated drinking water in the Drava region, the comparisons of groundwater analyses between 1971 and 1984 pointed to the spread and the escalation of the contamination of this water."
https://giam.zrc-sazu.si/sites/default/files/gs_clanki/GS_2101_397-416.pdf [3913]

All the roe deer in the area had dental fluorosis:

"V Sloveniji je bila stopnja zobne fluoroze ocenjena na čeljustih vse (!!!) odrasle srnjadi, odvzete iz vseh slovenskih lovišč v letu 2007 (JELENKO / POKORNY 2009). Izmed ocenjenih 14.591 čeljusti jih je 2.191 (15 %) izkazovalo vidne znake zobne fluoroze; povprečen DLI je znašal ā (SD) = 0,6 (1,7). Izrazito povečana stopnja zobne fluoroze je bila zaznana pri srnjadi v okolici Kidričevega (LD Boris Kidrič: ā (SD) = 7,8 (7,3); LD Jože Lacko – Ptuj: ā (SD) = 4,4 (4,8)), kjer je bila primerljiva z znanimi stopnjami zobne fluoroze srnjadi iz industrijsko onesnaženih območij Evrope (npr. ZEMEK et al. 2006). Z GIS-orodji je bilo ugotovljeno, da je oddaljenost od tovarne aluminija v Kidričevem daleč najpomembnejša spremenljivka, ki določa stopnjo zobne fluoroze srnjadi na celotnem območju vzhodne Slovenije (JELENKO / JERINA / POKORNY 2010)."

Fluoride emissions from brickworks are less well known than aluminium and phosphate works but present the same problems:

"Fluoridi v okolju so posledica naravnih geoloških procesov, kot so vulkanska aktivnost (NOTCUTT / DAVIES 1989, BELLOMO et al. 2007) in preperevanje kamnin oz. so del morskih aerosolov (GARROT et al. 2002, WHO 2002, WEINSTEIN / DAVISON 2004, OZSVATH 2009). K povišanim vsebnostim fluoridov v okolju zlasti pomembno prispevajo antropogeni viri; med slednjimi so najpomembnejši industrijska proizvodnja aluminija, železa, jekla, bakra in niklja, proizvodnja in uporaba umetnih gnojil, predelava fosfatne rude, proizvodnja fosforjevih kislin in fosforja, proizvodnja stekla, keramike ter produktov opekarske gline, proizvodnja lepil pa tudi delovanje termoelektrarn, cementarn in naftnih rafinerij (zbrano v WHO 2002, WEINSTEIN / DAVISON 2004)."
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236646180_Bioindikacija_onesnazenosti_okolja_s_fluoridi_z_uporabo_celjusti_srnjadi_Capreolus_capreolus_L_stanje_in_perspektive/link/00b49518a315f4bd8c000000/download?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19 [3472]

Kicar news:

2 January 2014
Maribor police are looking for an arsonist
A man set fire to bedding in a holiday home in Kicar, and the fire then destroyed the furniture in the bedroom.
https://old-delo-si.translate.goog/novice/kronika/mariborski-policisti-iscejo-pozigalca.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=sl [3915]

Was the fire podtaknjen? 8 September 2021

Was the fire in Kicar a set-up? Police answer Ines Zupanič Tomažič 8 September 2021 14:24 v Kronika | Reading time: 0:28 min. Image is symbolic. There has been a major fire in Kicar, and there have been suggestions that it was set. Yesterday, 7 September, at 17.51, a fire broke out in Kicar in Ptuj. The fire was extinguished by firefighters from Kicar and Velovlek, and the Kicar firefighters wrote on their Facebook page that it might even have been a set fire. These are the findings of police officers The Maribor Police Directorate told Ptujinfo that the firefighters were indeed informed about the fire in the field yesterday afternoon. However, according to the information gathered so far, the possibility of a foreign cause for the fire has been ruled out. The findings will be communicated to the competent prosecutor's office.
https://ptujinfo.com/novica/kronika/je-bil-pozar-v-kicarju-podtaknjen-odgovarja-policija/71663 [3916]

Big fire in Žabjak 3 July 2022
https://www-slovenskenovice-si.translate.goog/kronika/doma/zgoreli-sta-gospodarski-poslopji-osebna-avtomobila/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=sl [3917]

https://ptujinfo.com/novica/kronika/v-kicarju-velik-pozar-je-bil-res-podtaknjen/71651 [3918]

The gasilci seem to have a fairly specific idea about what to expect. In Kicar's big fire drill on 4 Dec 2023:

"It took place on the assumption that there is an active arsonist in the area of Kicar, who is burning down old commercial buildings. He started a fire at commercial facilities Kicar 36 and 35. Because they tracked him down, he dragged himself into the abandoned commercial facility Kicar 7, where he committed suicide."
https://tednik-svet24-si.translate.goog/crna-kronika/37474-gasilska-vaja-kicar-2023-problem-oddaljenosti-hidrantov-in-komunikacije?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=sl [3919]

To the NIJZ 8 Sept 2024:

It seems you don't have an entry at https://forcedfluoridationfreedomfighters.com/fluoride-in-drinking-water-in-western-europe/ [3920]

I expect you would like to confirm that no people in Slovenia are artificially fluoridated. https://twitter.com/turizemptuj/status/1774153597057474766 [3921]

Any information you can provide about fluoride levels in water supplies will be appreciated and I will make sure it is forwarded to the above site.

For your information [3473] is in error where it shows the maximum limit in air as HF of 3mg/m3 - a huge amount and clearly a misprint for micrograms/m3.

With a normal respiration volume of ~11000 litres per day 3 milligrams/m3 would amount to a daily intake of 33 grams - about three and a half to seven lethal doses for a 70kg adult as ingested NaF, based on a 70-140mg/kg lethal dose [3844], and over 23 lethal doses per day as HF ingested or via dermal absorption (33000 mg / 20 mg / 70 kg) [3845]. Hydrogen fluoride is 94.9619% fluorine by mass percent [3846].

3 micrograms (µg/m3) would be 1000 times less. HF has a molecular weight of 20.01. To convert mg/m3 to ppm:

concentration (ppm) = 24.45 x concentration (mg/m3) ÷ molecular weight

24.45 x 3 ÷20.01 = 3.67 ppm

The number 24.45 in the equation is the volume (litres) of a mole (gram molecular weight) of a gas when the temperature is at 25°C and the pressure is at 1 atmosphere (1 atm = 1.01325 bar).

A roundup of air quallity objectives based on a 30 day average in Table 6 of [3474] shows a range of 0.34 µg/m3 (Ontario, during growing season) to 1.2 µg/m3 (Tennessee), and based on a 12 hour average up to 3.7 µg/m3 in various jurisdictions.
https://voute.bape.gouv.qc.ca/dl/?id=00000404729 [3474]

No averaging time is specified in [3473]. This a serious omission as spot figures can be manipulated. Emissions of fluoride and its accumulation in vegetation are certainly not an unknown problem in the area. Referring to an even larger local source, the former aluminium plant at Kidričevo, a 1988 ZRC-SAZU report by Mitja Bricelj, Vladimir Drozg, Marjan Ravbar, Irena Rejec-Brancelj and Metka Špas says:

"In addition to SO2 and smoke, air pollution from fluorides. One tonne of product at TGA Kidričevo produces 20 kg of fluoride emissions [therefore] 900 tonnes per year."

and

"Analyses of airborne fluoride data show that these concentrations increase with distance from TGA Kidričevo decrease rapidly, but the question of indirect negative impacts of fluorides on humans (via water and food) and the impact of synergistic effects of SO2 and HF, as it is known from the literature that their synergistic effect significantly increases toxicity of emissions."

and

"Already before the latest ecological disaster with contaminated drinking water in the Drava region, the comparisons of groundwater analyses between 1971 and 1984 pointed to the spread and the escalation of the contamination of this water."
https://giam.zrc-sazu.si/sites/default/files/gs_clanki/GS_2101_397-416.pdf [3913]

All the roe deer in the area had dental fluorosis:

"V Sloveniji je bila stopnja zobne fluoroze ocenjena na čeljustih vse (!!!) odrasle srnjadi, odvzete iz vseh slovenskih lovišč v letu 2007 (JELENKO / POKORNY 2009). Izmed ocenjenih 14.591 čeljusti jih je 2.191 (15 %) izkazovalo vidne znake zobne fluoroze; povprečen DLI je znašal ā (SD) = 0,6 (1,7). Izrazito povečana stopnja zobne fluoroze je bila zaznana pri srnjadi v okolici Kidričevega (LD Boris Kidrič: ā (SD) = 7,8 (7,3); LD Jože Lacko – Ptuj: ā (SD) = 4,4 (4,8)), kjer je bila primerljiva z znanimi stopnjami zobne fluoroze srnjadi iz industrijsko onesnaženih območij Evrope (npr. ZEMEK et al. 2006). Z GIS-orodji je bilo ugotovljeno, da je oddaljenost od tovarne aluminija v Kidričevem daleč najpomembnejša spremenljivka, ki določa stopnjo zobne fluoroze srnjadi na celotnem območju vzhodne Slovenije (JELENKO / JERINA / POKORNY 2010)."

Fluoride emissions from brickworks are less well known than aluminium and phosphate works but present the same problems:

"Fluoridi v okolju so posledica naravnih geoloških procesov, kot so vulkanska aktivnost (NOTCUTT / DAVIES 1989, BELLOMO et al. 2007) in preperevanje kamnin oz. so del morskih aerosolov (GARROT et al. 2002, WHO 2002, WEINSTEIN / DAVISON 2004, OZSVATH 2009). K povišanim vsebnostim fluoridov v okolju zlasti pomembno prispevajo antropogeni viri; med slednjimi so najpomembnejši industrijska proizvodnja aluminija, železa, jekla, bakra in niklja, proizvodnja in uporaba umetnih gnojil, predelava fosfatne rude, proizvodnja fosforjevih kislin in fosforja, proizvodnja stekla, keramike ter produktov opekarske gline, proizvodnja lepil pa tudi delovanje termoelektrarn, cementarn in naftnih rafinerij (zbrano v WHO 2002, WEINSTEIN / DAVISON 2004)."
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236646180_Bioindikacija_onesnazenosti_okolja_s_fluoridi_z_uporabo_celjusti_srnjadi_Capreolus_capreolus_L_stanje_in_perspektive/link/00b49518a315f4bd8c000000/download?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19 [3472]

Meanwhile, back in Žabjak, near Ptuj, according to a 30 April 2007 article:

"At a recent meeting of the Ptuj city council, information was heard that the company Gorenje, as the owner of Opekarna Opta, announced the imminent closure of brick production in Žabjak near Ptuj. At the moment, there are still 50 employees, while a few years ago there were over 100. The brick factory, in addition to the notorious 'baking' of galvanic sludge into bricks, which took place in the last two decades, has been producing a wide variety of brick products for more than 50 years, which are made from, according to experts, excellent clay from the Janežovci clay mine. They were also engaged in the production of jewelry and some decorative objects from clay. Gorenje has already officially informed the municipality of its intention to close the brickyard, primarily in order to find joint solutions for the use of its land and facilities. The municipality estimated that the most suitable solution for this area would be residential construction.

"Let us remind you that the brickyard was an independent company for many years, and then at the beginning of the 1990s it was taken over by Petrol, which baked galvanic sludge into bricks as one of the best ways to process this waste material, which in Slovenia caused quite a few ecological headaches. The club started baking in the face of opposition from locals and ecologists, and the locals sent protests to the Ptuj city council, saying that the production in the brick factory was harmful to the environment due to fluorides and heavy metals, as 'strange smoke often came out of its chimney'. However, the experts of the Institute for Health Care from Maribor had constant control over the emissions, and their reports showed that the brick factory was not releasing anything illegal or above permissible limits into the surrounding area. The locals' opposition to the production of the Ptuj brick factory will soon become redundant, as the brick factory is expected to gradually close this year.

"A few days ago, we contacted the management of Gorenje for more detailed explanations about the reasons for the closure of the Ptuj bakery, but we are still waiting for their explanations.

"Source: www.vecer.si"
https://www.novogradnje.com/Novice/Ptujska_opekarna_pocasi_ugasa_/ [3475]

There is a translation error:
https://x.com/turizemptuj/status/1829652016538534016 [3914]

"Galvanic sludge wastes (GSW) are produced by the physico-chemical treatments of wastewater generated by electroplating plants. These materials have a significant potential for the production of clay ceramic bricks. This paper focuses on the viability of the inertization of heavy metals from GSW mixed with clays."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169131714005018 [3476]

Today, we are learning that such environmental pollution can exert multigenerational effects via epigenetic mechanisms, with promoter hypermethylation causing damage in both bone and soft tissues.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30469026/ [3487]

https://drive.google.com/file/d/18NEma9XqCl5geB5WKKrTrABMoIddtK8-/view [3488]

As the authors of the Uradni List lacked a µ on their typewriters in 2011 and everybody was drunk https://x.com/turizemptuj/status/1832418639158665709 [3912], tests should be performed on residents of Žabjak, Kicar and environs in continuation of the above research, concern particularly should focus on those aged 17 to ~33 who were gestated during the period of galvanic sludgification.

In Ontario 71.1% of the public is fluoridated, in Quebec only 2.5%. Valcke et al (2020) found that:

"The concentration of urinary fluoride was significantly higher in Ontario as compared to Quebec and CMO. Blood manganese and urinary fluoride were significantly lower in Quebec compared to CMQ, and blood and urinary selenium were significantly lower in Ontario compared to CMO. Regional differences in tobacco use, age of dwellings and drinking water fluoridation are among the possible contributing factors to some of the observed differences."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1438463919307424?via%3Dihub [4824]

As for "Urinary fluoride levels and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California" by Malin et al (2023):

"Associations between MUFsg [specific gravity adjusted maternal urinary fluoride] and blood and urinary metals are presented in Supplemental Tables S2-S5. MUFsg was negatively associated with blood mercury within trimester one (B = -0.132, 95% CI: -0.233, -0.030, p = 0.044) and positively associated with blood lead within trimester three (B = 0.194, 95% CI: 0.076, 0.311, p = 0.008). Within both trimesters one and three, MUFsg was positively associated with urinary antimony, barium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, and tin(ps = 0.008—0.049). Additionally, within trimester one, MUFsg was positively associated with urinary zinc (B = 0.106, 95% CI: 0.042, 0.170, p = 0.008), and within trimester three MUFsg was positively associated with urinary cadmium (B = 0.085, 95% CI: 0.026, 0.144, p = 0.025). MUFsg during the first trimester was also positively associated with third trimester urinary cadmium, cobalt, and tin (all ps = 0.045). No other associations of MUFsg with blood or urinary metals within or between trimesters were significant after FDR correction, although some were marginally significant."
https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12940-023-01026-2.pdf [4825]

Nickel and cadmium, both airborne and in the food chain, are implicated in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like disruption and also dermatitis, two conditions ameliorated by cannabis and its components (CCx). As Picarelli et al (2021) inform us:

"In humans, sensitization to Nickel occurs primarily through skin contact but also after Nickel-containing food ingestion.

"Allergic Contact Dermatitis is a skin-localized inflammatory reaction induced by different haptens, including Ni. ACD is caused by a type IV Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction mediated by CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes that occurs after keratinocytes release IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-8. Ni sulfate can also cause ACD by interacting with TLR-4 specific histidine residues, able to stimulate pro-inflammatory pathways (Ward et al., 2019)."

and

"In addition to the better known Ni-ACD, there is also a clinical condition defined Nickel Allergic Contact Mucositis (Ni-ACM) (Borghini et al., 2017) that can affect sensitized subjects after the ingestion of Ni-containing foods. Tomatoes, mushrooms, cocoa, coffee, legumes, corn, soy, onion and many other foods are rich in Ni (Picarelli et al., 2011). Bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea and heartburn frequently characterize this clinical entity (Braga et al., 2013). Extra-intestinal symptoms such as foggy-mind, headache, malaise, fever, arthralgia, chronic fatigue and motor coordination impairment are also frequently observable in these patients.

"Ni-ACM causes hyperemia and edema of the oral mucosa (Picarelli et al., 2011) that can be revealed by laser doppler perfusion imaging techniques showing a significant increase in mucosal perfusion (Borghini et al., 2016)."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321006047?via%3Dihub [5538]

When determined by a standard skin contact allergy test by Coşgun et al (2023)...

"Ni sensitivity was found to be quite high in IBS patients compared to the normal population."
https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/180503/20230914-4190-qa7ug2.pdf [5541]

And in 309 children at school-starter age in a Ruhr area school, found Mann et al (2010)...

"The observed nickel sensitization prevalence rates varied between 12.6% and 30.7%."
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01725.x [5543]

"The odds ratio (OR) for the presence of atopic dermatitis in 6-month-old infants whose cord blood had elevated cadmium levels, after adjustment for other covariates, was 2.350 (95% CI, 1.126-4.906)."
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3617302/ [5539]

Cadmium can damage the intestinal epithelial barrier, increasing its permeability and leading to inflammation. It can negatively impact the gut's immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections and inflammation, the composition and function of the gut microbiota, affect intestinal motility, which can lead to symptoms like constipation and indigestion. and cause oxidative stress and inflammation in the gut, contributing to tissue damage and symptoms.

Say Nehzomi and Shirani (2025):

"The gut is particularly sensitive to Cd toxicity as it acts as the primary barrier against orally ingested Cd. Even at low concentrations, Cd can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal bleeding. Cd also disrupts the gut microbiota, affecting its structure, taxonomic composition, and metabolic functions. Cd exposure alters the structure of the gut microbial community, reducing diversity and upregulating certain phyla and genera. This disturbance can lead to physiological and metabolic imbalances, including disruptions in energy homeostasis, amino acid, lipid, nucleotide, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) metabolism. The effects of Cd on the gut microbiota depend on the duration of exposure, the dose of Cd, and can vary based on sex and age. Cd-induced gut dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases, including diabetes, adiposity, atherosclerosis, liver damage, infections, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0946672X24001901 [5540]

Khoshakhlagh et al (2024) have a message for the arsonist consumers of both Kicar's air and Ptuj's Town Smell as well as some seemingly innocuous products:

"According to the studies, metals, VOCs and solvents are known to be the most important environmental pollutants affecting the occurrence of dermatitis (Lee et al., 2021; Ricklund et al., 2023; Xueqin et al., 2018). Occupational, environmental, and even prenatal exposure to these pollutants can increase the risk of developing dermatitis or aggravate its symptoms (Gupta et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2021; Lowe et al., 2023). Industrial processes, airborne dust, car traffic, contaminated food, smoking, and common household materials including cleaning supplies, wallpapers, paints, new furniture, plastic and plywood objects are among the most common sources of these pollutants in the exposure routes of inhalation, ingestion, and skin exposure for humans (Hendricks et al., 2020; Narla and Silverberg, 2020; Stefanovic et al., 2021). Except for the skin route, where the pollutant can directly enter the skin through the pores and cause an inflammatory response, the ingestion and inhalation routes can also play an important role in the occurrence of dermatitis by causing irritation and allergic inflammation (Kim, K.E. et al., 2016; Yon et al., 2018)."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277241662400055X [5539]

Ironically then, the Prosecution's drunk burglars hoping to profit from participating in an anti-cannabis crusade are further injuring the residents of their home turf Kicar via numerous NECUD-related routes - increased gut permeability, diabetes, adiposity, atherosclerosis, liver damage, infections, cancer, and dementias - but not only in Kicar of course.

All in all šmarnica area Kicar is not a place the Defendant would like to live. The error in using milligrams instead of micrograms could easily have allowed emissions above the permitted limit to be perceived as ok, and the Defendant is among those now paying for that with the stress of the homicidal ideations of alcoholics from that area, with the encouragement of Ptuj Police.

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The Englishman stands for the rights of everyone disadvantaged, discriminated against, persecuted, and prosecuted on the false or absent bases of prohibition, and also believes the victims of these officially-sanctioned prejudices have been appallingly treated and should be pardoned and compensated.

The Englishman requests the return of his CaPs and other rightful property, for whose distraint Slovenia has proffered no credible excuse or cause.

The Benedictions represent both empirical entities as well as beliefs. Beliefs which the Defence evidence shows may be reasonably and earnestly held about the positive benefits of CaPs at the population level, in which the good overwhelmingly outweighs the bad. Below, the latest version of this dynamic list.

THE BENEDICTIONS REFERENCES TIMELINE OF DRUG LAW v. SCIENCE